Optical coherence tomography imaging system

ABSTRACT

An imaging system, a method for imaging an object of interest, and an image of the object of interest. In one embodiment, an imaging system includes a channel configured to receive information from an object of interest, a 3DSS sub-system configured to capture information from the object of interest and generate at least one of 3D surface data or 3D position data based on the information captured by the 3DSS sub-system, and an OCT sub-system configured to perform a line scan of light reflected from the object of interest, generate OCT image data from the line scan, receive the at least one of the 3D surface data or the 3D position data, and generate one or more OCT images using the OCT image data and the at least one of the 3D surface data or the 3D position data.

FIELD

The disclosure relates to optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique that uses light tocapture volumetric three-dimensional images of objects. The images mayinclude both surface and sub-surface features. Optical coherencetomography may use near-infrared light and may be based on low-coherenceinterferometry.

A three-dimensional (3D) intra-oral image system measures topographicalcharacteristics of teeth and soft tissue surfaces. The 3D intra-oralimage system may include an intra-oral camera with a light source. The3D intra-oral image system may be inserted into the mouth of a patient.After insertion, the 3D intra-oral image system captures images ofvisible parts of the patient's teeth and surrounding tissue. The 3Dintra-oral image system may generate a model of the patient's teeth thatmay be used in place of traditional cast impressions.

SUMMARY

One embodiment provides an imaging system that includes a channel, athree-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) sub-system, and an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) sub-system. The channel is configured toreceive information from an object of interest. The three-dimensionalsurface scanning (3DSS) sub-system is configured to capture informationfrom the object of interest and generate at least one ofthree-dimensional surface data or three-dimensional position data basedon the information captured by the 3DSS sub-system. The opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) sub-system is configured to perform a linescan of light reflected from the object of interest and captured by theOCT sub-system, generate optical coherence tomography (OCT) image datafrom the line scan. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) sub-system isalso configured to receive the at least one of the three-dimensionalsurface data or the three-dimensional position data from the 3DSSsub-system, and generate one or more optical coherence tomography (OCT)images using the OCT image data and the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position data.Each of the three-dimensional surface data and the three-dimensionalposition data is indicative of a common spatial frame of referencebetween the 3DSS sub-system and the OCT sub-system.

Another embodiment provides a method of imaging an object of interest.The method includes capturing, with a three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS) sub-system, information from an object of interest. The methodincludes generating, with the 3DSS sub-system, at least one ofthree-dimensional surface data or three-dimensional position data basedon the information captured by the 3DSS sub-system. The method includesperforming, with the OCT sub-system, a line scan of light captured bythe OCT sub-system to generate OCT image data. The method includesreceiving, with the OCT sub-system, the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position datafrom the 3DSS sub-system. Additionally, the method includes generating,with the OCT sub-system, one or more optical coherence tomography (OCT)images based on the OCT image data and the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position data.

Yet another embodiment provides a three-dimensional surface scan andoptical coherence tomography (3DSS/OCT) image including a first imageportion based on a surface of an object of interest and a second imageportion based at least in part on a sub-surface of the object ofinterest.

Other aspects and embodiments will become apparent by consideration ofthe detailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer toidentical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate view,together with the detailed description below, are incorporated in andform part of the specification, and serve to further illustrateembodiments of concepts that include the claimed invention, and explainvarious principles and advantages of those embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an imaging environment that includes an imagingsystem in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS)sub-system of the imaging system of FIG. 1, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an optical coherence tomography (OCT)sub-system of the imaging system of FIG. 1, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another imaging system, in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 5 is another imaging environment that includes an imaging systemand one or more objects of interest, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of imaging an object of interest, inaccordance with some embodiments.

Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures areillustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily beendrawn to scale. For example, the dimension of some of the elements inthe figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to helpimprove understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

The apparatus and method components have been represented whereappropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only thosespecific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments ofthe present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure withdescription herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways, and in various applications,including dental imaging applications among other imaging applications.

A conventional optical coherence tomography system has a line scan axisand a second scan axis perpendicular to the line scan axis to create atwo-dimensional (2D) raster scan of an object. However, due to therelative motion of the conventional optical coherence tomography systemduring in-vivo applications (for example, hand-held scans of a patient'smouth), line-to-line positioning errors distort the in-vivo objects ofinterest in the raster image. Additionally, the conventional opticalcoherence tomography system requires two optical channels, an opticalcoherence tomography measurement channel that provides the line scanaxis and a reference channel that provides controlled optical radiationthat, when combined with light from measurement channel, generatescoherent optical interference from both surface and sub-surface objectfeatures.

To help reduce the line-to-line positioning errors, some embodiments ofimaging systems described herein include a three-dimensional surfacescanning sub-system (referred to herein as “3DSS sub-system”) thatperforms a surface scan of the object of interest and an opticalcoherence tomography sub-system (referred to herein as “OCT sub-system”)that performs a line scan with a single axis of the object of interest.Both the 3DSS sub-system and the OCT sub-system share the same spatialframe of reference. The line scan of the OCT sub-system may be stitchedtogether in proper orientation using surface data, position data, or acombination thereof generated by the 3DSS sub-system in real time and insynchrony with the line scan performed by the OCT sub-system.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an imaging environment 100 including an imagingsystem 105, in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustratedembodiment, the imaging environment 100 is described with respect to anintra-oral dental imaging environment. However, in other embodiments,the imaging environment 100 may be described with respect to otherimaging environments associated with other imaging applications. In theexample illustrated, the imaging environment 100 includes an imagingsystem 105. The imaging system 105 is used to capture information ordata from an object or tissue of interest 110, for example, dentitionand surrounding tissue within the intra-oral dental imaging environment.In the example of FIG. 1, the imaging environment 100 also includes anetwork 115, and one or more computing devices 120A-120N (collectively“computing devices 120”). The imaging system 105 may also includeadditional or different components than those components illustrated inFIG. 1 and may be configured to perform additional functionality ordifferent functionality than the functionality described herein.

The imaging system 105 includes a housing 124, an optical channel 126, amirror 130, an 3DSS sub-system 135, an OCT sub-system 140, networkinghardware 145, and a power supply 150. The housing 124 partially enclosesthe mirror 130 at one end of the housing 124. The housing 124 alsoencloses the 3DSS sub-system 135, the OCT sub-system 140, the networkinghardware 145, and the power supply 150. In some embodiments, the housing124 is a handheld device. In some embodiments, the power supply 150 is arechargeable battery that provides power to at least the 3DSS sub-system135 and the OCT sub-system 140 as indicated by one-sided arrows. In someembodiments, the 3DSS sub-system may be a three-dimensional intra-oraldigital impression sub-system (referred to as a “DIS”) that measures athree-dimensional volume and performs a three-dimensional surface scanof the object of interest. For example, the three-dimensional intra-oraldigital impression sub-system may be a Lythos system from OrmcoCorporation. For ease of understanding, the 3DSS sub-system 135 isdescribed herein with the structure and functionality of a digitalimpression system (DIS) that captures information of an object ofinterest from light. However, in other embodiments, the 3DSS sub-system135 may be a surface scanning sub-system that captures information of anobject of interest from other mediums, in place of or in addition tolight. In addition, the 3DSS sub-system 135 is not limited to thestructure and functionality of the DIS. For example, in otherembodiments, the 3DSS sub-system 135 may include one or more ultrasonictransducers, one or more acoustic receivers, or other devices forcapturing information of the object of interest, in place of or inaddition to, the DIS as described below.

In the example illustrated, the 3DSS sub-system 135 includes a lightsource 136 that emits light 137. The light 137 is reflected off of themirror 130 and illuminates the object of interest 110. When the light137 illuminates the object of interest 110, a portion of the light 137is reflected back to the mirror 130, and this portion of the light 137is indicative of a three-dimensional measurement volume 138 (referred toas “the light indicative of the three-dimensional measurement volume138”).

In the example illustrated, the OCT sub-system 140 includes a lightsource 141 that emits light 142. The light 142 is reflected off of themirror 130 and illuminates the object of interest 110. When the light142 illuminates the object of interest 110, a portion of the light 142is reflected back to the mirror 130, and this portion of the light 142is indicative of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) line measurement143 (referred to as “the light indicative of the OCT line measurement143”).

The 3DSS sub-system 135 receives and processes the light indicative ofthe three-dimensional measurement volume 138. Similarly, the OCTsub-system 140 receives and processes the light indicative of the OCTline measurement 143. In some embodiments, the mirror 130 redirects thelight indicative of the three-dimensional measurement volume 138 and thelight indicative of the OCT line measurement 143 to the 3DSS sub-system135 and the OCT sub-system 140, respectively.

In the illustrated embodiments, the 3DSS sub-system 135 is disposed inthe housing 124 to emit the light 137 and receive the light indicativeof the three-dimensional measurement volume 138. In other embodiments,the 3DSS sub-system could be located outside the housing 124. The 3DSSsub-system 135 performs a three-dimensional area scan using the lightindicative of the three-dimensional measurement volume 138 to generatethree-dimensional surface data, three-dimensional position data, acombination thereof, and/or three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS)image data.

For example, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the 3DSS sub-system 135 of theimaging system 105 of FIG. 1, in accordance with some embodiments. The3DSS sub-system 135 includes the light source 136, an electronicprocessor 200, an imaging sensor 205 (for example, a three-dimensionalsurface scanning imaging sensor), a memory 210, an input/outputinterface 215, and a communication bus 220. The light source 136, theelectronic processor 200, the imaging sensor 205, the memory 210 (anon-transitory computer-readable medium), the input/output interface 215are electrically and communicatively connected to each other over thecommunication bus 220 or other suitable connections. Software stored onthe memory 210 may include instructions that when executed, cause theelectronic processor 200 to perform some or all of the methods describedherein. The 3DSS sub-system 135 may also include additional or differentcomponents than those components illustrated in FIG. 2 and may beconfigured to perform additional functionality than the functionalitydescribed herein.

For example, the electronic processor 200 controls the light source 136to emit the light 137 to illuminate the object of interest 110. Theelectronic processor controls the imaging sensor 205 to capturereflected light 139 that is indicative of the three-dimensionalmeasurement volume 138. The electronic processor 200 executesthree-dimensional surface and/or position data generation applicationstored in the memory 210 to generate the three-dimensional surface data,the three-dimensional position data, or a combination thereof from thethree-dimensional area scan of the object of interest 110 using thereflected light 139. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 200may store the three-dimensional surface data, the three-dimensionalposition data, or the combination thereof as metadata in the memory 210.In other embodiments, the electronic processor 200 may control theinput/output interface 215 to communicate the three-dimensional surfacedata, the three-dimensional position data, or the combination thereofwith systems and devices external to the 3DSS sub-system 135. Forexample, the input/output interface 215 can communicate with the OCTsub-system 140 over a connection 155 or the networking hardware 145 overa connection 160 including a wire or a cable. In other embodiments, theconnections 155 and 160 may be wireless connections.

Referring back to the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, the OCTsub-system 140 may also be disposed in the housing 124 to emit the light142 with a single axis and receive the light indicative of the OCT linemeasurement 143. The OCT sub-system 140 performs a line scan using thelight indicative of the OCT line measurement 143 to generate opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) image data that has only a single scan axis.

For example, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the OCT sub-system 140 of theimaging system 105 of FIG. 1, in accordance with some embodiments. TheOCT sub-system 140 includes, the light source 141, an electronicprocessor 300, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging sensor 305,a memory 310, an input/output interface 315, and a communication bus320. The light source 141 also includes single axis line scanning device144. The light source 141, the electronic processor 300, the OCT imagingsensor 305, the memory 310 (for example, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium), the input/output interface 315 areelectrically and communicatively connected to each other over thecommunication bus 320 or other suitable components. Software stored onthe memory 310 may include instructions that when executed, cause theelectronic processor 300 to perform some or all of the methods describedherein. The OCT sub-system 140 may include additional or differentcomponents than those components illustrated in FIG. 3 and may beconfigured to perform additional functionality than the functionalitydescribed herein.

In illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3, the electronic processor 300controls the single axis line scanning device 144 to emit the light 142with a single axis that illuminates the object of interest 110. Theelectronic processor 300 controls the OCT imaging sensor 305 to capturereflected light 146 that is indicative of the OCT line measurement 143.The electronic processor 300 executes an OCT and/or 3DSS generationapplication stored in the memory 310 to perform the methods describedherein.

The input/output interface 315 communicates with systems and devicesexternal to the OCT sub-system 140. For example, the input/outputinterface 315 can communicate with the 3DSS sub-system 135 over theconnection 155 or the networking hardware 145 over a connection 165including a wire or a cable. In other embodiments, the connection 165may be a wireless connection.

In some embodiments, the electronic processors 200 and 300 are each amicroprocessor or an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”),or other suitable processing device. In some embodiments, the imagingsensor 205 and the OCT imaging sensor 305 are each a semiconductorcharge-coupled device (CCD), a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS), N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS), or other suitableimaging sensor. In some embodiments, the memory 210 and 310 are each anon-transitory computer-readable medium including random access memory(“RAM”), read-only memory (“ROM”), or other suitable non-transitorycomputer-readable medium.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in the illustrated embodiment, the 3DSSsub-system 135 and/or the OCT sub-system 140 are electrically connectedto the networking hardware 145 with the connections 160 and 165. Thenetworking hardware 145 receives image data, images, and/or metadata.The networking hardware 145 transmits the image data, images, and/or themetadata, to at least one of the computing devices 120 via the network115. In some embodiments, the at least one of the computing devices 120includes a display, which may display the images. In other embodiments,the computing devices 120 may use an electronic processor to process theimage data and metadata to generate images, and control a display todisplay the images.

The image data may include the 3DSS image data or the OCT image data asdescribed above. The images may include at least one of one or more 3DSSimages, one or more OCT images, or one or more 3DSS/OCT images asdescribed in greater detail below. The metadata may include thethree-dimensional surface data, the three-dimensional position data, ora combination thereof. In some embodiments, the networking hardware 145includes a Wi-Fi transceiver, a cellular network transceiver, aBLUETOOTH transceiver, an Ethernet modem, or other suitable networkinghardware. In some embodiments, the network 115 may include a local areanetwork, an intranet, the Internet, a storage area network, BLUETOOTHarea network, cellular network, or other suitable network. In someembodiments, the computing devices 120 may include a personal computer,a server, a smartphone, a mobile computation device, a dentalworkstation, a tablet computing device, or other suitable computingdevice. For ease of understanding, the imaging system 105 has beendescribed as including the mirror 130. However, in some embodiments, theimaging system 105 may not include the mirror 130. For example, insteadof using the mirror 130, the 3DSS sub-system 135 and the OCT sub-system140 of the imaging system 105 may directly illuminate the object ofinterest 110.

An imaging system 105 that includes the 3DSS sub-system 135 and the OCTsub-system 140 may provide certain benefits. One benefit of the imagingsystem 105 is the ability to measure sub-surface three-dimensional (3D)volumetric features without the use of x-rays. Another benefit of theimaging system 105 is a higher spatial resolution of sub-surface 3Dvolumetric features that are captured by imaging system 105 whencompared to a spatial resolution of the sub-surface 3D volumetricfeatures captured using x-rays. Another benefit of the imaging system105 is the use of the OCT sub-system 140 in an in vivo, hand heldinstrumentation. Yet another benefit of the imaging system 105 is theability to use the 3DSS image data (for example, surface scan imagedata) obtained by the 3DSS sub-system 135 and the OCT image data (forexample, surface and/or sub-surface scan data) obtained by the OCTsub-system 140 in combination to generate an image (for example, a 3DSSimage, an OCT image, or a 3DSS/OCT image) with less noise and artifactsthan conventional 3DSS images or conventional OCT images.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another imaging system 405, in accordancewith some embodiments. The imaging system 405 includes athree-dimensional surface scanning and optical coherence tomographysystem 410 (referred to as “3DSS/OCT 410”) and an image processing unit415. The 3DSS/OCT 410 includes an electronic processor 420, athree-dimensional surface scanning imaging sensor 422, an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) imaging sensor 424, a three-dimensionalsurface scanning (3DSS) light source 426, an optical coherencetomography (OCT) light source 428, an input/output interface 430, amemory 435, and a communication bus 440. The image processing unit 415includes an electronic processor 445, a display device 450, randomaccess memory 455, read-only memory (ROM) 460, and input/outputinterface 465.

The 3DSS/OCT 410 includes a combination of components that is similar tothe combination of components included in the 3DSS sub-system 135 andthe OCT sub-system 140 as described above. As a consequence, thiscombination of components will not be described in greater detail.

The image processing unit 415 may be part of a handheld housing or partof a standalone housing (for example, a dental workstation or tablet).In the example of FIG. 4, the 3DSS/OCT 410 is communicatively connectedto the image processing unit 415 using the connection 470 (for example,a wire, cable, or other suitable electrical connection) between theinput/output interface 465 of the image processing unit 415 and theinput/output interface 430 of the 3DSS/OCT 410. In other embodiments,the connection 470 between the image processing unit 415 and 3DSS/OCT410 includes a wireless connection (for example, a BLUETOOTH connection,a Wi-Fi connection, or other suitable wireless connection).

The image processing unit 415 and the 3DSS/OCT 410 are collectivelyreferred to herein as the imaging system 405. In some embodiments, theelectronic processor 445 (for example, a microprocessor or anapplication-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”)) monitors and controlsthe operation of the 3DSS/OCT 410. The image processing unit 415 alsoincludes a non-transitory computer-readable medium, for example, arandom access memory (“RAM”) module 455 and a read-only memory (“ROM”)module 460. The software stored on the ROM module 460 may includeinstructions, that when executed, cause the electronic processor 445 toperform some or all of the methods described herein. In someembodiments, the software stored on the ROM module 460 is the Lythosdigital impression system software provided by Ormco Corporation.

In addition, the image processing unit 415 includes an input/outputinterface 465. The input/output interface 465, in addition tocommunicating with the 3DSS/OCT 410 over the connection 470,communicates with systems and devices external to the image processingunit 415 (for example, an external display, or other suitable input andoutput devices).

In some embodiments, the input/output interface 465 communicates withone or more external data storage devices that may store imagesgenerated by the image processing unit 415, which can include cloudstorage. As also illustrated in FIG. 4, the input/output interface 465may also communicate with at least the display device 450. The displaydevice 450 may be used to display images generated or received by theimage processing unit 415. In particular, during operation of the3DSS/OCT 410, information including three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS) image data is captured by the three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS) imaging sensor 422 and OCT image data is captured by the OCTimaging sensor 424. The 3DSS image data and the OCT image data may beprocessed by the image processing unit 415 to generate one or moreimages, and the one or more images may be sent to the display device 450where the one or more images may be viewed. In some embodiments, thedisplay device 450 includes a touchscreen that receives input from anoperator. The image processing unit 415 can also include one or moreadditional peripheral devices for receiving input from an operator (forexample, a keyboard, mouse, joystick, or other suitable user interfacedevice).

The 3DSS/OCT 410 may be configured to carry out all or a portion of theimage processing carried out by the image processing unit 415. In otherwords, imaging processing may be distributed between the 3DSS/OCT 410and the image processing unit 415. For example, processing hardware maybe located in the handheld housing of the 3DSS/OCT 410 or in theconnection 470 connecting the 3DSS/OCT 410 to the image processing unit415.

FIG. 5 is another imaging environment 500 that includes an imagingsystem 505 and one or more objects of interest 510, in accordance withsome embodiments. The imaging system 505 includes an optical coherencetomography (OCT) sub-system 515 and a three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS) sub-system 520. For ease of understanding, the 3DSS sub-system520 is described herein with the structure and functionality of adigital impression system (DIS). However, in other embodiments, the 3DSSsub-system 520 may be a different surface scanning sub-system with adifferent structure and/or functionality than the DIS, and the 3DSSsub-system 520 is not limited to the structure and functionality of theDIS. For example, in other embodiments, the 3DSS sub-system 520 mayinclude one or more ultrasonic transducers, one or more acousticreceivers, or other devices for capturing information of thethree-dimensional surface data, the three-dimensional position data, ora combination thereof, in place of or in addition to, the DIS asdescribed below. In some embodiments, the one or more objects ofinterest 510 is dentition and surrounding tissue within the imagingenvironment 500.

The OCT sub-system 515 includes a scanning mirror 525, a lens 530, anOCT channel 535, and an electronic processor 540. The OCT channel 535includes a light source 545 (“OS”), a first directional coupler 550, asecond directional coupler 555, a balanced photo-detector 560, and ananalog-to-digital converter 565. The OCT channel 535 is one exampleembodiment of the OCT imaging sensor 305 and 424 as described above.

The OCT sub-system 515 has a limited distance (Z) measurement rangebecause imaging artifacts are generated when the OCT sub-system 515 isplaced too close or too far from the object of interest 510 beingmeasured by the OCT sub-system 515. A conventional OCT system contains areference channel. In the conventional OCT system, the length of thereference channel can be adjusted to accommodate varying object standoffdistances. However, the command signal required to inform theconventional OCT system of the necessary length for the referencechannel is not easily derived from the OCT channel, and instead uses aseparate measurement instrument bundled in with the OCT channel tomeasure the object standoff, for example a confocal optical sensorsystem. The confocal optical sensor system measures the object standoffand does not provide information (for example, surface scan data) thatmay be used to provide the measure of distance (Z) and stitch togetherthe raster scan performed by the OCT sub-system 515.

In the example of FIG. 5, the 3DSS sub-system 520 uses a light sourceseparate from the light source 545 to perform a three-dimensional areascan of the object of interest 510 (represented by the dotted box) togenerate three-dimensional surface measurement data, three-dimensionalposition data, or a combination thereof. The three-dimensional surfacemeasurement data, the three-dimensional position data, or a combinationthereof may be used in the imaging system 505 to reduce or eliminateerrors associated with distance (Z) misplacement of the OCT sub-system515, establish a reliable way to inform the OCT channel 535 of thereference channel length, and eliminate the additional hardwareassociated with the confocal measurement channel. In particular, the OCTsub-system 515 and the 3DSS sub-system 520 share a common mechanicalmounting structure, and thus share a common spatial frame of reference.The common spatial frame of reference allows the 3DSS sub-system 520 tofeed a signal indicative of the distance information (for example, thethree-dimensional position data including the distance (Z) from theobject of interest 510) directly to the OCT channel 535 and theelectronic processor 540 of the OCT sub-system 515. In some embodiments,the signal indicative of the distance information that is fed from the3DSS sub-system 520 to the OCT sub-system 515 may be calibrated at thetime of manufacturing to provide a precise measurement of the distance(Z). Additionally or alternatively, in other embodiments, the signalindicative of the distance information that is fed from the 3DSSsub-system 520 to the OCT sub-system 515 may be calibrated before eachdistance measurement to improve precision of the measurement of thedistance (Z). In some embodiments, the common mechanical mountingstructure shared by the OCT sub-system 515 and the 3DSS sub-system 520may be calibrated at the time of manufacturing to provide a precisemeasurement of the distance (Z) between the OCT sub-system and theobject of interest 510.

In the OCT channel 535, the light source 545 emits light 546 that isinjected into a first directional coupler 550. The directional coupler550 splits the light 546 so that the light 546 is directed to two armsof the interferometer, the probing arm and the reference arm. In theexample of FIG. 5, the probing beam 547 of the OCT channel 535 isadjusted by the lens 530 and reflected by the scanning mirror 525towards the object of interest 510. The scanning mirror 525 functions asthe single axis scanning device of the OCT sub-system 515 to transformthe probing beam 547 of the OCT channel 535 into light 548 with a singleaxis. The light 548 with the single axis is scattered and a portion ofthe light 548 is reflected back by the object of interest 510. Thisportion of the light 548 is indicative of an optical coherencetomography (OCT) line measurement 549 and passes a second time throughthe OCT channel 535 and is guided via the first directional coupler 550toward the second directional coupler 555, where the light indicative ofthe OCT line measurement 549 interferes with the light 551 coming fromthe reference arm of the OCT channel 535. The outputs from the seconddirectional coupler 555 are each connected to two-pin photo-detectors ina balanced photo-detection (BPD) unit 560. The BPD unit 560 outputs theanalog OCT signal to the analog-to-digital converter 565, which convertsthe analog OCT signal into a digital OCT signal. The electronicprocessor 540 stores the digital OCT signal as OCT image data in amemory. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 540 may alsorectify and low-pass filter the digital OCT signal before storing thedigital OCT signal.

The OCT sub-system 515 performs a line scan with a single axis incombination with the scanning mirror 525. This results in a morereliable and less expensive imaging system 505 because the confocalsubsystem (including the beam combiners and second scan axis of theconventional OCT system) can be eliminated. That is, by coupling thesingle line scan (B-scan) modality of OCT sub-system 515 with real-timethree-dimensional surface data, three-dimensional position data, or acombination thereof from the 3DSS sub-system 520 in a common spatialframe of reference, motion induced and stitching errors may be reducedor eliminated in software. Moreover, by determining the position orrange of the object of interest 510 using the three-dimensional surfacedata, the three-dimensional position data, or a combination thereof,imaging parameters of the OCT sub-system 515 may be adjusted inreal-time to capture OCT image data at the appropriate z depth, furtherincreasing the ease of use of an OCT system including in vivo handheldapplications. For example, by determining the range of the object ofinterest 510, the OCT sub-system may adjust in real-time the referencearm of the OCT channel 535 or the intensity of the light 546 from thelight source 545 to capture OCT image data the appropriate measurementrange (for example, the appropriate z depth). Additionally, the 3DSSimage data and the OCT image data generated with a common spatial frameof reference may permit the interpretation or elimination of imagingartifacts inherent in the OCT image data.

An imaging system 505 that includes the OCT sub-system 515 and the 3DSSsub-system 520 may provide certain benefits. One benefit of the imagingsystem 505 is the elimination of the complex optical hardware requiredin the reference channel to perform the second axis scan of theconventional OCT system. Another benefit of the imaging system 505 isthe generation of OCT images of in-vivo objects of interest with reducedor no line-to-line positioning errors by processing OCT image data fromthe OCT sub-system 515 with the three-dimensional surface data, thethree-dimensional position data, or a combination thereof, from the 3DSSsub-system 520. Yet another benefit of the imaging system 505 is thegeneration of a three-dimensional surface scan and optical coherencetomography (3DSS/OCT) image that may include a fusion of the 3DSS imagedata (for example, surface scan image data) obtained by the 3DSSsub-system 520 and the OCT image data (for example, surface and/orsub-surface scan data) obtained by the OCT sub-system 515. The 3DSS/OCTimage, when displayed on a display device, may allow a dentalpractitioner to view both surface and sub-surface aspects of the objectof interest 510.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method 600 of imaging an object of interestwith an imaging system, in accordance with some embodiments. For ease ofunderstanding, the method 600 is described from the perspective of theimaging system 105 of FIG. 1-3, however, the method 600 may also beperformed by the imaging systems 405 and 505 of FIGS. 4 and 5,respectively.

In the imaging environment 100, the imaging sensor 205 of the 3DSSsub-system 135 captures information in a channel (for example, the lightindicative of the three-dimensional measurement volume 138 in an opticalchannel) from an object of interest 110 (at block 602). The imagingsensor 205 and the OCT imaging sensor 305 share a common spatial frameof reference. In some embodiments, the OCT imaging sensor 305 of the OCTsub-system 140 also captures the information in the channel (forexample, the light indicative of the OCT line measurement 143 in theoptical channel) from the object of interest 110.

The electronic processor 200 of the 3DSS sub-system 135 generates atleast one of three-dimensional surface data or three-dimensionalposition data (for example, the three-dimensional surface data, thethree-dimensional position data, or a combination thereof as describedabove) based on the information captured by the imaging sensor 205 (atblock 604). For example, the electronic processor 200 of the 3DSSsub-system 135 may perform various accordion fringe interferometertechniques that measure three-dimensional points on an object surface.In particular, the electronic processor 200 may control the light source136 to project two or more coherent beams of light 137, which create aprecision interference fringe pattern visible on the surface of theobject of interest 110. The electronic processor 200 acquires three ormore two-dimensional fringe images by the imaging sensor 205, with thefringe pattern at 0°, +120°, and −120°. The electronic processor 200 maymathematically combine the relative intensities of three or moremeasurements for each camera pixel of the imaging sensor 205 tocalculate a unique distance to the surface of the object of interest110.

The electronic processor 300 of the OCT sub-system 140 receives the atleast one of the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensionalposition data from the 3DSS sub-system 135 (at block 606). In someembodiments, the electronic processor 300 of the OCT sub-system 140 mayadjust one or more OCT imaging parameters (for example, reference armpath length, OCT light source intensity, or other suitable OCT imagingparameter) based on the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data received from the 3DSSsub-system 135.

The electronic processor 300 of the OCT sub-system 140 performs a linescan of light reflected from the object of interest 110 (for example,the light indicative of the OCT line measurement 143) to generateoptical coherence tomography (OCT) image data based on the lightcaptured by the OCT sub-system 140 (at block 608). The electronicprocessor 300 of the OCT sub-system 140 generates one or more opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) images based on the OCT image data and the atleast one of the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensionalposition data (at block 610). In some embodiments, the one or more OCTimages generated by the OCT sub-system 140 is a volumetric opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) image.

The electronic processor 300 may store the one or more OCT images in thememory 310. The electronic processor 300 may output the one or more OCTimages to an internal or external device via the input/output interface315. For example, the electronic processor 300 controls the input/outputinterface 315 to output the one or more OCT images to the 3DSSsub-system 135, the networking hardware 145, or an external displaydevice. The dental technician may view the one or more OCT images on theexternal display device to review the object of interest 110.

In some embodiments, the electronic processor 300 may receive the 3DSSimage data generated by the 3DSS sub-system 135, and generate athree-dimensional surface scanning and optical coherence tomography(3DSS/OCT) image from the OCT image data, the 3DSS image data, and theat least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data. The electronic processor 300 may storethe 3DSS/OCT image in the memory 310. The electronic processor 300 mayoutput the 3DSS/OCT image to an internal or external device via theinput/output interface 315. For example, the electronic processor 300controls the input/output interface 315 to output the 3DSS/OCT image tothe 3DSS sub-system 135, the networking hardware 145, or an externaldisplay device. The dental technician may view the 3DSS/OCT image on theexternal display device to review the object of interest 110.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 300 mayreceive the one or more 3DSS images from the 3DSS sub-system 135 andstore the one or more 3DSS images in the memory 310. The electronicprocessor 300 may output the one or more 3DSS images to an internal orexternal device via the input/output interface 315. For example, theelectronic processor 300 controls the input/output interface 315 tooutput the one or more 3DSS images to the networking hardware 145 or anexternal display device. The dental technician may view the one or more3DSS images on the external display device to review the object ofinterest 110.

In some embodiments, the electronic processor 200 of the 3DSS sub-system135 may also generate three-dimensional surface scanning sub-system(3DSS) image data based on the light captured by the imaging sensor 205.In these embodiments, the electronic processor 200 of the 3DSSsub-system 135 may also generate one or more three-dimensional surfacescanning (3DSS) images (for example, surface scan images) based on the3DSS image data. The electronic processor 200 may store the one or more3DSS images in the memory 210. The electronic processor 200 may outputthe one or more 3DSS images to an internal or external device via theinput/output interface 215. For example, the electronic processor 200controls the input/output interface 215 to output the one or more 3DSSimages to the OCT sub-system 140, the networking hardware 145, or anexternal display device. A dental technician may view the one or more3DSS images on the external display device to review the object ofinterest 110.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 200 mayreceive the one or more OCT images from the OCT sub-system 140 and storethe one or more OCT images in the memory 210. The electronic processor200 may output the one or more OCT images to an internal or externaldevice via the input/output interface 215. For example, the electronicprocessor 200 controls the input/output interface 215 to output the oneor more OCT images to the networking hardware 145 or an external displaydevice. The dental technician may view the one or more OCT images on theexternal display device to review the object of interest 110.

In some embodiments, the electronic processor 300 also determineswhether the OCT sub-system is within a measurement range of the objectof interest 110 using the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data. When the electronicprocessor 300 determines that the OCT sub-system 140 is within themeasurement range of the object of interest 110, the electronicprocessor 300 generates the one or more OCT images using the OCT imagedata and the at least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data.

When the electronic processor 300 determines that the OCT sub-system 140is not within the measurement range of the object of interest, theelectronic processor 300 may adjust one or more OCT imaging parametersassociated with the OCT sub-system 140 to adjust a measurement range ofthe OCT sub-system 140 to be equal to a range of the object of interest110 relative to the OCT sub-system 140. For example, the electronicprocessor 300 may adjust a length of a reference arm of the OCTsub-system 140, an intensity of light emitted from the light source 141,or other suitable imaging parameter to adjust the measurement range ofthe OCT sub-system 140 to be equal to the range of the object ofinterest relative to the OCT sub-system 140.

When the electronic processor 300 determines that the one or more OCTimaging parameters cannot be adjusted to adjust the measurement range ofthe OCT sub-system 140 to be equal to the measurement range of theobject of interest, the electronic processor 300 controls a notificationdevice to output a user-perceptible indication that the OCT sub-system140 is not within the measurement range of the object of interest. Forexample, the electronic processor 300 may control a transducer thatoutputs an audible noise to a user. Alternatively, in some embodiments,the electronic processor 300 may control a light source that outputs avisible indication to the user. In other embodiments, the electronicprocessor 300 may control a tactile device that outputs a tactileindication to the user. For example, the electronic processor 300 maycontrol the tactile device to increase or decrease the tactileindication based on the difference between the range of the object ofinterest 110 and the measurement range of the OCT sub-system 140.

In some embodiments, the electronic processor 200 may receive the OCTimage data generated by the OCT sub-system 140, and generate one or morethree-dimensional surface scanning and optical coherence tomography(3DSS/OCT) images from the 3DSS image data, the OCT image data, and theat least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data. Additionally or alternatively, theelectronic processor 200 may receive the 3DSS/OCT image from the OCTsub-system 140 and store the 3DSS/OCT image in the memory 210. Theelectronic processor 200 may output the 3DSS/OCT image to an internal orexternal device via the input/output interface 215. For example, theelectronic processor 200 controls the input/output interface 215 tooutput the 3DSS/OCT image to the networking hardware 145 or an externaldisplay device. The dental technician may view the 3DSS/OCT image on theexternal display device to review the object of interest 110.

Various features, advantages, and embodiments are set forth in thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An imaging system comprising: a channelconfigured to receive information from an object of interest; athree-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) sub-system configured tocapture information from the object of interest, and generate at leastone of three-dimensional surface data or three-dimensional position databased on the information captured by the 3DSS sub-system; and an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) sub-system configured to perform a line scanof light reflected from the object of interest and captured by the OCTsub-system, generate optical coherence tomography (OCT) image data fromthe line scan, receive the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data from the 3DSS sub-system,generate one or more optical coherence tomography (OCT) images using theOCT image data and the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data, wherein the at least one ofthe three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata is indicative of a common spatial frame of reference between the3DSS sub-system and the OCT sub-system, determine whether the OCTsub-system is within a measurement range of the object of interest basedon the at least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data, and output a user-perceptibleindication when the OCT sub-system is not within the measurement rangeof the object of interest.
 2. The imaging system of claim 1, furthercomprising a housing that encloses the channel, the 3DSS sub-system, andthe OCT sub-system.
 3. The imaging system of claim 2, wherein thehousing is a handheld housing.
 4. The imaging system of claim 1, whereinthe 3DSS sub-system is configured to provide the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position data atthe same time that the OCT sub-system is configured to perform the linescan.
 5. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the OCT sub-system isfurther configured to generate the one or more OCT images using the OCTimage data and the at least one of the three-dimensional surface data orthe three-dimensional position data when the OCT sub-system is withinthe measurement range of the object of interest.
 6. The imaging systemof claim 1, wherein the OCT sub-system is further configured to adjustone or more imaging parameters associated with the OCT sub-system whenthe OCT sub-system is not within the measurement range of the object ofinterest.
 7. An imaging system comprising: a channel configured toreceive information from an object of interest; a three-dimensionalsurface scanning (3DSS) sub-system configured to capture informationfrom the object of interest, and generate at least one ofthree-dimensional surface data or three-dimensional position data basedon the information captured by the 3DSS sub-system; and an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) sub-system configured to perform a line scanof light reflected from the object of interest and captured by the OCTsub-system, generate optical coherence tomography (OCT) image data fromthe line scan, receive the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data from the 3DSS sub-system,and generate one or more optical coherence tomography (OCT) images usingthe OCT image data and the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data, wherein the at least one ofthe three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata is indicative of a common spatial frame of reference between the3DSS sub-system and the OCT sub-system, wherein the 3DSS sub-system isfurther configured to determine whether the OCT sub-system is within ameasurement range of the object of interest based on the at least one ofthe three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata, and output a user-perceptible indication when the OCT sub-systemis not within the measurement range of the object of interest.
 8. Theimaging system of claim 7, wherein the 3DSS sub-system is furtherconfigured to control the OCT sub-system to generate the one or more OCTimages using the OCT image data and the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position datawhen the OCT sub-system is within the measurement range of the object ofinterest.
 9. The imaging system of claim 7, wherein the 3DSS sub-systemis further configured to adjust one or more imaging parametersassociated with the OCT sub-system when the OCT sub-system is not withinthe measurement range of the object of interest.
 10. The imaging systemof claim 1, wherein the 3DSS sub-system includes a memory; a lightsource configured to emit light on the object of interest; athree-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) imaging sensor configured tocapture the light reflected from the object of interest as theinformation captured from the object of interest; and an electronicprocessor electrically connected to the memory and the 3DSS imagingsensor, the electronic processor configured to control the light sourceto emit the light on the object of interest, and generate the at leastone of the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensionalposition data based on the light captured by the 3DSS imaging sensor.11. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the OCT sub-system includes amemory; a light source configured to emit light on the object ofinterest; an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging sensorconfigured to capture the light reflected from the object of interest;and an electronic processor electrically connected to the memory and theOCT imaging sensor, the electronic processor configured to control thelight source to emit the light on the object of interest, perform theline scan of the light captured by the OCT imaging sensor, generate theOCT image data from the line scan, receive the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position datafrom the 3DSS sub-system, and generate the one or more OCT images usingthe OCT image data and the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data.
 12. The imaging system ofclaim 1, wherein the 3DSS sub-system is further configured to: generatethree-dimensional surface scanning sub-system (3DSS) image data from theinformation captured a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) imagingsensor, and generate one or more three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS) images from the 3DSS image data.
 13. The imaging system of claim12, wherein the OCT sub-system is further configured to receive the 3DSSimage data from the 3DSS sub-system, and generate one or morethree-dimensional surface scan and optical coherence tomography(3DSS/OCT) images based on the OCT image data, the 3DSS image data, andthe at least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data.
 14. The imaging system of claim 1,further comprising networking hardware configured to transmit the one ormore OCT images to one or more computing devices via a network.
 15. Theimaging system of claim 1, wherein the OCT image data is a volumetricoptical coherence tomography (OCT) image data.
 16. The imaging system ofclaim 1, wherein the object of interest is a tooth and surroundingtissue.
 17. A method of imaging an object of interest, the methodcomprising: capturing, with a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS)sub-system, information in a channel from the object of interest;generating, with the 3DSS sub-system, at least one of three-dimensionalsurface data or three-dimensional position data based on the informationcaptured by the 3DSS sub-system; receiving, with an optical coherencetomography (OCT) sub-system, the at least one of the three-dimensionalsurface data or the three-dimensional position data from the 3DSSsub-system; performing, with the OCT sub-system, a line scan of lightreflected from the object of interest to generate OCT image data;generating, with the OCT sub-system, one or more optical coherencetomography (OCT) images based on the OCT image data and the at least oneof the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata, wherein the at least one of the three-dimensional surface data orthe three-dimensional position data is indicative of a common spatialframe of reference between the 3DSS sub-system and the OCT sub-system;determining, with the OCT sub-system, whether the OCT sub-system iswithin a measurement range of the object of interest using the at leastone of three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata; and outputting, with a notification device, a user-perceptibleindication that the OCT sub-system is not within the measurement rangeof the object of interest in response to determining that the OCTsub-system is not within the measurement range of the object ofinterest.
 18. A method of imaging an object of interest, the methodcomprising: capturing, with a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS)sub-system, information in a channel from the object of interest;generating, with the 3DSS sub-system, at least one of three-dimensionalsurface data or three-dimensional position data based on the informationcaptured by the 3DSS sub-system; receiving, with an optical coherencetomography (OCT) sub-system, the at least one of the three-dimensionalsurface data or the three-dimensional position data from the 3DSSsub-system; performing, with the OCT sub-system, a line scan of lightreflected from the object of interest to generate OCT image data;generating, with the OCT sub-system, one or more optical coherencetomography (OCT) images based on the OCT image data and the at least oneof the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional positiondata; determining whether the OCT sub-system is within a measurementrange of the object of interest using the at least one ofthree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position data;and outputting, with a notification device, a user-perceptibleindication that the OCT sub-system is not within the measurement rangeof the object of interest in response to determining that the OCTsub-system is not within the measurement range of the object ofinterest.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein responsive to determiningthat the OCT sub-system is within the measurement range of the object ofinterest, generating, with the OCT sub-system, the one or more OCTimages using the OCT image data and the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position data.20. The method of claim 18, wherein responsive to determining that theOCT sub-system is not within the measurement range of the object ofinterest, adjusting, with the OCT sub-system, one or more imagingparameters associated with the OCT sub-system.
 21. The method of claim18, further comprising generating, with the 3DSS sub-system, athree-dimensional surface scanning sub-system (3DSS) image data based onthe information captured by the 3DSS sub-system.
 22. The method of claim21, further comprising: receiving, with the 3DSS sub-system, the OCTimage data from the OCT sub-system; and generating, with the 3DSSsub-system, one or more three-dimensional surface scan and opticalcoherence tomography (3DSS/OCT) images from the OCT image data, the 3DSSimage data, and the at least one of the three-dimensional surface dataor the three-dimensional position data.
 23. The method of claim 21,further comprising: receiving, with the OCT sub-system, the 3DSS imagedata from the 3DSS sub-system; and generating, with the OCT sub-system,one or more three-dimensional surface scan and optical coherencetomography (3DSS/OCT) images from the OCT image data, the 3DSS imagedata, and the at least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data.
 24. The method of claim 18, furthercomprising transmitting, with the OCT sub-system, the one or more OCTimages to one or more computing devices via networking hardware and anetwork.
 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the OCT image data is avolumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) image data.
 26. The methodof claim 18, wherein the object of interest is a tooth and surroundingtissue.
 27. The imaging system of claim 7, wherein the 3DSS sub-systemincludes a memory; a light source configured to emit light on the objectof interest; a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS) imaging sensorconfigured to capture the light reflected from the object of interest asthe information captured from the object of interest; and an electronicprocessor electrically connected to the memory and the 3DSS imagingsensor, the electronic processor configured to control the light sourceto emit the light on the object of interest, and generate the at leastone of the three-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensionalposition data based on the light captured by the 3DSS imaging sensor.28. The imaging system of claim 7, wherein the OCT sub-system includes amemory; a light source configured to emit light on the object ofinterest; an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging sensorconfigured to capture the light reflected from the object of interest;and an electronic processor electrically connected to the memory and theOCT imaging sensor, the electronic processor configured to control thelight source to emit the light on the object of interest, perform theline scan of the light captured by the OCT imaging sensor, generate theOCT image data from the line scan, receive the at least one of thethree-dimensional surface data or the three-dimensional position datafrom the 3DSS sub-system, and generate the one or more OCT images usingthe OCT image data and the at least one of the three-dimensional surfacedata or the three-dimensional position data.
 29. The imaging system ofclaim 7, wherein the 3DSS sub-system is further configured to: generatethree-dimensional surface scanning sub-system (3DSS) image data from theinformation captured by a three-dimensional surface scanning (3DSS)imaging sensor, and generate one or more three-dimensional surfacescanning (3DSS) images from the 3DSS image data.
 30. The imaging systemof claim 29, wherein the OCT sub-system is further configured to receivethe 3DSS image data from the 3DSS sub-system, and generate one or morethree-dimensional surface scan and optical coherence tomography(3DSS/OCT) images based on the OCT image data, the 3DSS image data, andthe at least one of the three-dimensional surface data or thethree-dimensional position data.
 31. The imaging system of claim 7,wherein the object of interest is a tooth and surrounding tissue.